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Egypt
The legislative action: The regime’s parliament… Side fights
Hanafy El-Gebaly, the speaker of the House of Representatives, referred the letter which he received from counselor Bahaa Abu Shoka, the president of Al Wafd party, regarding the expulsion of the representative Mohamed Abdel Alim Dawood, to the legislative committee in the in order to review it for taking a decision.
The Speaker of the House of Representatives, stated that Article 6 of the bylaws stipulates that “membership could be revoked by a decision issued by a two-thirds majority of the members of the House of Representatives. This is subject to the member’s party’s affiliation registered during the nomination phase, before voting, having changed or he became independent or the independent representative became a party member. In all cases, the woman’s membership couldn’t be revoked unless she changed her party or independent affiliation after being elected”
The House of Representative, headed by counselor Hanafy El Gebaly, finally approved the bill on issuing the Senate’s bylaws. The approval took place by the two thirds of the House’s members standing as it is considered a law supplementing the constitution.
The bylaws bill consists of (292) articles divided into 12 chapters. Several provisions of the articles are similar to the bylaws of the House of Representatives. This is considered normal, given that the Constitution confirmed in Article (254) that twenty-two articles of the House of Representatives are applicable regarding the Senate
A suspicious Parliament whitens itself over a former opponent.
This parliament whose elections were marred by all the expected violations, accuses a former opponent representative. Haitham ElHariri, the former MPs, has described his accusation of inciting the distribution of electoral bribes and breaking the electoral silence in the recent parliamentary election, as accusations that undermine their fabricator and harm Egypt’s reputation. He added to “Mada Masr” that “Egyptians certainly know the representatives who used cartons as electoral bribes under the eyes and ears of the State’s bodies and they also know their party name”.
Moharam Bek Prosecution has released Elhariri on bail of 1000 pounds, after investigations that continued for nearly three hours in which he was charged of: Breaking the electoral silence, inciting his delegates to give bribes to voters which were denied by Elhariri during the investigations.
Elhariri has lost his seat in the House of the Representatives during the recent elections after the individual seat of Moharam Bek constituency in Alexandria, was occupied by the Nation’s Future party.
Elhariri explained that the incident of the case dates back to the last days of the run off in the elections on the last 24th of November, when one police officer arrested three agents for Elhariri in front of his electoral campaign headquarter where they just have their personal identity and a warrant to follow up the elections.
According to Elhariri, the officer has inspected a car belonging to the campaign which was located at the same street in which he found an amount of 19.695 pounds. Then, he seized it despite confirming that this amount is allocated to buying an ambulance to a charity organization in the region. In addition, he seized publication papers for the elections date back to the first phase which was performed on the last 24th and 25th of October, with number 11 written on them which is Elhariri’s electoral order on the first stage card, while his order was the forth in the runoff card during the time of the incident.
The officer insisted on writing the report based on charges of breaking the electoral silence and distributing electoral bribes. Then he referred the report to the prosecution which requested the investigations of the bureau of investigations concerning Elhariri’s knowledge of the incident, according to the later.
On February 4, Elhariri was surprised that the prosecution had summoned him to be brought before it for investigation in the case last Sunday before sending a lawyer on time in order to ask for postponing the investigation which was approved by the Prosecution.
The member of the “25/30” opposition bloc in the previous parliament,added that he learned during his interrogation that the investigation had confirmed his knowledge of the incident, stressing that he had refuted to the prosecution all the allegations contained in the officer’s report.
Elhariri indicated that talking about giving electoral bribes and breaking the electoral silence doesn’t comply with logic. He pointed out that “it is not reasonable for me to order persons who have an official warrant from me to buy the voters’ votes”. He added that “the three agents are from El Mahalla city and they came from Alexandria to support me in the elections, so how are they able to distribute electoral bribes to the people of the region who don’t know them?”. Moreover, “the seized money is between 5,10 and 20 pounds. So are there any electoral bribes with this amount?”
The Human Rights Bulletin: An ongoing count for repression
Taqadum Al Khatib, the Egyptian academic and researcher who lives in Berlin, said that security forces stormed his home in Luxor to ask his family about him.
Al Khatib said in a statement the details of what happened, saying that: “A group of security forces in Luxor stormed his home at dawn and asked many question to my father about my whereabout and work, in which German university i am working , what is my academic major and if i live in Germany or Turkey?” Why do I live in Germany? What was the last time I visited Egypt? Why didn’t I visit Egypt? Are there any calls between me and my family?How many times do I call them?What is the way of communication between us?, and do I transfer money to my family?”.
It is mentioned that his PHD scholarship grant in Germany was suspended as an attempt to punish him because of his criticism of political repression in Egypt. However, due to his success, he obtained a PHD and worked in a german university for two years.
Eight Egyptian human rights organizations have called on the Public Prosecution to release the researcher Ahmed Samir Santawi, a master’s student at CEU, because the investigations with him are not based on serious evidence. The organizations also stress the need for the Public Prosecution to play its role in investigating the incidents of Sintawi’s disappearance and his exposure to beatings by individuals and officers of the National Security Agency. On February, the Supreme State Security Prosecution has decided to put Santawy in remand for 15 days pending investigation in case No.65 of 2021 of the State Security counting, after the prosecution charged him with joining a terrorist group with knowing its goals, spreading false statements and news that could harm the public order and security and using an account on social media networks- Facebook- in order to spread false news.
In addition, a group of Egyptian human rights organizations expressed their deep concern regarding the constant torture and the enforced disappearance for the third time for the lawyer Eslam Salamah, after the two Criminal Courts in Cairo and Al Mahallah decided to release him earlier. The organizations hold the Egyptian Authority the responsibility for his health and life.
Tunisia
The political disagreements over taking the oath raise the issue of the Constitutional Court once more
The oath crisis continues for the third week, as the speaker of the Assembly, Rached Ghannouchi confirmed that the constitution doesn’t give the power to the President of the Republic to reject ministers who are granted confidence from the Assembly. In addition, the President didn’t explain his reservations against the proposed ministers. The Prime Minister insisted on that issue and called on the President on more than one occasion to give him the suspicious names of the proposed ministers, however both of them insisted on their situation which exacerbated the crisis between them. In addition, the Artist Syndicate intervened to solve this problem and made a suggestion that the Prime Minister stop the cabinet reshuffle. And in this context, the Prime Minister said that “he wouldn’t resign because he is a soldier who serves his country”, considering that a duty of the State’s institutions.
Mechichi commented on the answer of the Administrative Court which decided that it doesn’t have competence regarding the constitutional problem related to the cabinet reshuffle. He stated that he expected that answer, stressing the need to form the Constitutional Court.
In addition, he said that he would search for all solutions that guarantee the continuity of the government, considering the rejection of the President over receiving the relevant ministers in the cabinet reshuffle caused the disruption of a public facility and the State’s interest. He confirmed his readiness to dialogue again, renewing his request to the President to know which ministers who have suspicions of corruption. The Prime Minister went to take the advice from the Administrative Court regarding that issue which declared its opinion at the following.
The Presidency of the Republic: A constitutional disagreement and a religious speech
On February 15, 2021, President Kais Saeied sent a letter to the Prime Minister related to the legal sides concerning the cabinet reshuffle, especially ignoring some constitutional provisions.
In addition, the letter included a set of principles related to the necessity for the political authority in Tunisia to express the true will of the people.
Regarding that, the President confirmed that oath isn’t measured by fundamental or formal procedures, but rather by abidance to the text of oath and the effects of it not only in life.
Despite this crisis between the two heads of the Executive authority and accusing the president of disrupting the government, it still occupies the public opinion According to the political barometer of the Sigma Conseil Foundation, the President of the Republic, Kais Saeied, regained the top of the ranking of personalities that Tunisians trust, followed by the former Minister of Health Abdullatif Al Mekki, then Safi Saeied in third place, followed by Abeer Moussa, then Moncef Marzouki.
As for the total distrust, Rached Ghannouchi came at the top of the list, followed by Ali Al Aried, then Youssef Al Chahed, then Nabil Karoui, followed by Hama Al Hammami, then Seif Al Din Makhlouf. In fact, these changes are due to the postponement of the establishment of the Constitutional Court whose absence has caused major constitutional problems that become greater politically.
On the other hand, the Crisis Cell met in Parliament on Monday, February 15, to consider the draft and proposal of the two basic laws related to the revision and completion of the Basic Law on the Constitutional Court. The draft Basic Law proposed by the government since 2018 stipulates the revision and completion of the Basic Law on the Constitutional Court.
Government work: the tasks of a firefighter
وفي خضم هذه الأزمة يواصل رئيس الحكومة بذل مجهوداته من أجل الحد من غضب الشارع التونسي، حيث التقى رئيس الحكومة هشام المشيشي ممثلين عن المجتمع المدني والجمعية التونسية للادمان وذلك بمسرح نجمة الشمال بالعاصمة. وتمحور اللقاء حول القانون 52 الخاص بالمخدرات.
In the midst of this crisis, the prime minister continues to make efforts to reduce the anger of the Tunisian street. Prime Minister Hicham Mechichi met with representatives of civil society and the Tunisian Association of Addiction, at the North Star Theater in the capital. The meeting focused on Law 52 on drugs.
He stressed the need to deal with this issue from a health perspective, in line with the obligations of the Republic of Tunisia with regard to a number of ratified international conventions, as these narcotic substances contribute to worsening the health status of a number of people who suffer from psychological and neurological diseases in particular.
In addition, he expressed his firm belief in the necessity of decreasing the current penal code which proved its failure in decreasing the rates of the consumption of different kinds. And it contributed to ending the future of many Tunisian youth and directing them towards taking the wrong path, extremism, violence and organized crime.
On the other hand, the Prime Minister called on the various components of civil society to work with the government in order to prepare a legislative initiative to revise Law No. 52 as soon as possible, stressing that every delay could cause tragedies for youth and their families.
Regarding the news of parties for this week, and in a follow-up to the latest developments in the case of Nabil Karoui, the latter filed a complaint against the judicial experts on charges of leaking data and figures that they reached in their research.
In addition, The Prime Minister sought to solve the oath crisis, stressing that he is working to find all possible solutions to solve the crisis by moving forward to work with a mini government of 16 ministers to ensure the running of the country’s affairs. He expressed his hope that the President of the Republic, Kais Saeied would react as soon as possible with the government’s request to reveal the names of the proposed ministers subject to reservation.
Therefore, the Prime Minister, while waiting the completion of the procedures of the cabinet reshuffle, decided to exempt Mohamed Busta, Minister of Justice, Salwa Sagheer, Minister of Industry, Energy and Mines, Kamal Daqish, Minister of Youth, Sports and Professional Integration, Leila Jafal, Minister of State Property and Real Estate Affairs, Aqsa Al-Bahri, Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Marine Fishing, from their duties and assigning the following two ladies and gentlemen, in addition to their original duties, to supervise the following ministries
- • Mrs. Hasna Bin Sulaiman, Ministry of Justice.
- • Me.Mohamed Bou Said, the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mines.
- • Mr.Ahmed Azoum, the Ministry of State Property and Real Estate Affairs.
- •Mr.Mohamed Alfadel Karem, the Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fishing.
- • Mrs.Seham Al Ayadi,the Ministry of Youth, Sports and Professional Integration.
The protests: A permanent element
All kinds of assaults continue this week, as the official spokesman for the National Guard in Mahdia reported on Saturday, February 13, 2020, that a group of people in the Melloulèche violently assaulted the general clerk of the municipality of Melloulèche
and two workers who were with him, as they forced them to leave their administrative car and drive it to the protest plave of the people of Melloulèche 4 days ago.
PHD holders: The higher education crisis
The wave of anger included many citizens, including unemployed doctors, as the Prime Minister went to the doctors’ sit-in and decided to assign 2,400 research doctors over a period of three years. He said during a meeting with the unemployed doctors with the presence of the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Olfa Benoda Al Sayod, that he went to the headquarter of the doctors’ sit-in who entered a hunger strike in order to check on their health first. He stressed that the government works hard in order to solve the file of unemployed doctors since it started its duties and that is far away from populist speeches that don’t give serious solutions and don’t respect the intelligence of the elite.
He mentioned that he has discussed all the problems and sides of the file with the Minister of Higher Education and the Minister of Public Service, and in consultation with the leaders of the Tunisian General Labor Union and some representatives of research doctors during meetings in the presidency of the government, and that is our belief that our country must respect its elites in order to succeed, progress and invest in solutions and ideas that can be For this elite to provide for their country.
Hicham Mechichi affirmed that his government is working to find practical solutions to provide a mechanism to ensure the employment of university graduates and holders of doctoral degrees, regardless of the demands of the sit-in, because the Tunisian state is not honored today if its elite remains in a state of unemployment, and that resolving this file is considered today a priority.
The Prime Minister declared that they reached a practical and applicable solution through a plan for three years to recruit 2400 PHD holder within framework of university teachers, the public office and the public sector, starting from the current year through the assignment of 800 researchers, followed by 800 in 2022 and 800 during the year 2023, through Inclusion in the Supplementary Finance Act 2021.
On the other hand, fishermen are giving the Ministry of Agriculture until the 17th of February, in order to unify regions and administrative procedures, threatening to escalate and close the ports, including the port of Rades. In the same context, on February 13, 2021, a group of farmers closed the entrance of Beja and the “bellarej” roundabout, protesting against the late arrival of the Ammonia material, especially since the first half of the month of February is considered the peak period for spraying Fields with the Ammonia.
The Coordinator of El Kamour movement, confirmed in a post on her official facebook page,that they give the government three days to immediately implement all the terms of the agreement or it would shut down the valve. The movement’s coordination reported that its members had moved last night to the El Kamour area in a symbolic protest and a message to the authority that the youth are ready to return to the zero point.
It is noteworthy that, during the last 24 hours, the authority recorded a state of tension and protests to demand the implementation of all the terms of the agreement signed with the negotiating delegation representing the governorate of Tataouine in November 2020, according to the agreed schedule. The prime minister had denied that his government had broken its promises that it had made in the file of El Camor from the governorate of Tataouine, and said that his government had fulfilled the promises of previous governments.
In addition, on February 15, 2021, The agents of the Tunisian Catering Company (Catering) also carried out a protest in front of the Ministry of Transport, due to not paying their wages of January until today. On the other hand, students of the faculty of Medicine and doctors expressed their anger due to not implementing the agreement of December 24, by organizing a national general strike starting from February 15, 2021
The health situation is improving and waiting for vaccination
The health situation is between hope and fear, as after the cases of infections and deaths due to CoronaVirus started to decline, they once again rose to reach the limits of 1049 infections and 47 deaths on February 12, 2021. However, hope remains with the arrival of the shipments of vaccinations. While waiting for the vaccination, the first white vaccination against Covid-19 was performed. The member of the Scientific Anti CoronaVirus Committee confirmed that the evaluation of the Committee to improve the epidemiological situation in Tunisia is based on the facts related to the decrease in the number of hospitalization cases, especially in resuscitation and oxygen beds, and not based on the number of new cases only.
Libya
Despite the achieved progress on the political path, the question remains regarding the rivals’ ability in Libya under a new unified interim government to hold elections at the end of the current year and end the crisis in light of regional interventions.
In this approach, the president of the new Presidential Council, Mohamed Al Menfi set three goals before the unified interim executive authority and pointed out that “the effort is collaborative and not exclusive to the Presidential Council or the government”. He called on everyone to collaborate in order to reach the aspired State and return the trust to the Libyan people to choose whoever represents them in the new government and parliament. Al Menfi explained in his statements upon his arrival to the capital Tripoli, that the most important goal is “the unification of the Military institution”. He added that “ we would support the work of the joint military committee (5+5) so that professionals and specialists could establish the military institutions during the coming period as it is the institution which controls the country’s security.
This is an integral part to reach the final phase.
He pointed out that the second mission “is to alleviate the suffering of the citizen by unifying the executive institutions, and this is the government’s mission,” explaining that “there are some oversight and sovereign institutions, and this is the task of the members of the House of Representatives and the State Council, and this path is under the auspices of the United Nations.” Finally, Al Menfi said that the third mission for the Executive Authority is the reconciliation, stressing that “the reconciliation is the ground through which we would walk to reach the aspired civil state by elections at the end of this year on December 24.
The president of the presidential council arrived in Tripoli in his first visit after being elected through the Libyan Political Forum in Geneva on February 5. Upon his arrival to Mitiga International Airport from Tobruk, he was received by Abdullah Al Lafy, the member of the new Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid Dabibah, the Prime minister-designate, in addition to members of the State Supreme Council and the House of Representatives in Tripoli, a number of military and security leaders, and notable men and Shikhs in Tripoli.
Al Menfi’s visit to Tripoli took place after his visit to the Eastern region that lasted for 6 days, starting with the visit to Benghazi and it included Tobruk and Al Bayda, where he held meetings with the Commander-in-Chief of the General Command, Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Aguila Saleh, as well as a number of members of the House of Representatives and sheikhs of tribes.
The foreign presence in Libya: a question that remains unresolved
In this context, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, during his meeting with the Prime Minister-designate of Libya, Abdulhamid Dabaiba and the President of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al Menfi, reiterated the need for the exit of foreign forces and mercenaries from Libya. Stéphane Dujarric, spokesman for the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, said that the latter “spoke separately ” with the President of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al Menfi, and with the Prime Minister-designate, Abdul Hamid Dabaiba.
The spokesman added in a press conference that “the Secretary-General confirmed during the talks,the United Nations’ readiness to support the elections in Libya and control the ceasefire,” stressing the need for the withdrawal of all foreign forces.
A disagreement concerning which place for holding the new government’s confidence session
In addition, the Libyan House of Representative is ready for holding a consultative session about granting confidence for the new government which is led by Abdul Hamid Dabiba amid a disagreement concerning the place for holding the session after two invitations were sent at the same time on February 15, 2021, one invitation in Tobruk and the second in Sabratha in the east of Tripoli. Candidacy for assuming ministerial portfolios in the unified government was closed and the candidates’ CVs would be evaluated by the Prime Minister before presenting his governmental formation to the House of Representatives in order to approve it in a timeline that doesn’t exceed three weeks from presenting it to the House. A number of representatives have arrived, including representatives from eastern Libya to Sabratah in western Libya in order to hold a consultative session. Parliamentary sources suggested that the number would exceed 100 deputies.
The session which was invited to be held in Sabratah coincides with the session called by the Speaker of the House of Representatives,Aguila Saleh in Tobruk on the same day which could open the door for a new discussion concerning the legitimacy of the two sessions and the legality of the call of each party. In addition, entering a debate that impedes granting confidence to the government that has a busy timeline during a specific period of its mandate that doesn’t have a time for any delay. The call of Saleh to grant confidence to the national unified government had preceded the other call in Sabaratah within days. As the Speaker of the House of Representatives in an official statement called on all members to a consultative session in the headquarter of the House of Representatives in Tobruk. The statement pointed out that “the consultative session is held in order to put the necessary arrangements to consider granting confidence to the government to carry out its tasks.
After the statement, Saleh stated in a television interview in order to answer who criticized his call to hold the session in Tobruk and not in the constitutional headquaret in Benghazi or Sirte, saying that “ he took that decision to honor the city which hosted the House for long years amid hard conditions. Saleh stressed that “the government must be granted confidence from the House of Representatives even without having the legal quorum from MPs in the session, taking into account the national interest that requires approving the government in any way in these difficult conditions.
On the other hand, Mohamed Al Raidah who is a MPs from Misrata in the Parliament of Tripoli, played a role in coordinating a parallel session, to the one that Saleh called for, in the city of Sabrataا, referring the reason to the security risks that prevent the presence of the representatives of the western region in any session held in Benghazi or Tobruk. Al Raidah expected that the Sabratah session would include the whole members of the Libyan House of Representatives in which it would be unified,some bylaws would be changed, a roadmap of the transitional phase would be approved and the government would be approved once it is ready. He pointed out that “the Presidency of the House of Representatives would be dedicated to the South as the President of the Presidential Council is from the East and the Prime Minister is from the West, thus the South has the right to assume the Presidency of the Parliament.
Aisha Al Tablqi, a member of the House of Representatives for eastern Libya, stated that “the number of the representatives of the eastern region who intend to attend Sabratah reaches 25, and expected that“ the number of representatives in Sabratha session will reach 100 or more, ”noting that” the quorum In which the session is held is 86 deputies, and the required quorum to amend the bylaws is 120 deputies. She added that “the presidency will be for the first or second deputy, and if they do not attend, it will be for the eldest”, in a clear reference to the absence of the Speaker Saleh from the session, and his two deputies may also be absent. Miloud Al Aswad,member of the House of Representatives, expressed his optimism that the members of the House of Representatives would come to Sabratah to hold a valid session with a full quorum, and considered that “the Sabratah session is a continuation of what was agreed upon in Gadames’s final statement, which includes reunifying the parliament and organizing it, and electing a new presidency for it as a prelude to giving confidence to the new national unified government headed by Abdul Hamid Dabiba. He added “the decision of holding the session in Sabaratah was taken by several MPs after consultations without any pressure from any party. He stressed that “the representatives wouldn’t accept any pressure and they intend to complete the path to unify the State’s institutions and have a national unified government that represents the people’s sectors and would have the control over the country.
Member of Parliament, Abd al-Salam Nasiya, warned of the impact of the split of parliament on the political scene in the country, after the results achieved from the recent consensus, saying that “the parliament is currently divided into a parliament in Tripoli and another in Tobruk, and a group of representatives who aren’t from Tripoli or Tobruk. Nasiya said “the current consensus among Libyans must be preserved, while not giving the chance to misuse the division of the House of Representatives to harm this important consensus. He stressed that “the issue of granting confidence to the government should be kept away from any bargain”, indicating that “a session in Sabratah is prepared to be held in which 100 MPs are registered and it is a preliminary session through which the issue of granting confidence should be planned and where would the House of Representatives be held in Sabratah or Sirte”. He explained that “the problem is due to the presence of two presidencies and each party says that he is the speaker of the parliament, thus this problem must be solved.
Libya’s representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Taher Al Sunni, announced that the Security Council Sanctions Committee had officially rejected Belgium’s request to dispose of any frozen funds of his country, and Al-Sunni said in a series of tweets through his official account on Twitter: “An important victory for Libya … Due to the efforts of the mission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Investment Corporation, the Security Council, through the Sanctions Committee, officially rejects Belgium’s request to dispose of any frozen funds. Al-Sunni added that the Council “acknowledged that there is no legal basis for disposing of (frozen funds) and continued: We advised Belgium to withdraw its request previously, and this decision is a warning to any country trying to tamper with the capabilities of the Libyans.
The Libyan Investment Authority welcomed the UN Security Council’s sanctions committee’s rejection of the Belgian authorities ’request to lift the freeze on a part of its assets. The Authority pointed out in a statement its situation that rejects the Belgian authorities’ request to use the Authority’s funds and its affiliated companies in a way that contradicts the goals of freezing. The Authority, as an independent sovereign wealth fund, affirmed that it would not allow its assets to be compromised, which is the wealth of future generations, considering that this step is in line with the applicable sanctions regime and its objectives.
Militarily, Khalifa Haftar confirmed his forces’ support for the peace process in the country and its endeavor to preserve democracy and the Peaceful transition of power, during his reception at his headquarters in Rajma, the new President of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al Menfi, who arrived in the city earlier from Athens. Haftar expressed the support of his forces for the new Presidential Council and the national unified government that resulted from the political dialogue to unify institutions and bring the country to the elections expected next December, according to what was transferred by the Information Office of Haftar’s forces. The elected President of the Presidency Council, Mohamed Al Menfi, arrived Benghazi, on his first visit to the city after assuming his new position, as he was on an African Airline plane that landed at Baninah airport coming from Athens.
Earlier, the media office of the new president of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al Menfi, confirmed that he would arrive in the eastern region and address the Libyan people from the airport in Benghazi. The media office revealed that Al Menfi would answer in his speech several questions that occupy the Libyan public opinion. The office explained that “ the president of the new Libyan Presidential Council would visit several libyan cities in the east, south and west, asserting that “Al Menfi would meet with many officials during his tour that would start immediately upon his arrival from Greece to Benghazi.
Meanwhile, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya strongly condemned what appeared to be a mortar attack in the Menashiya region in Sheba city on February 17,during the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the revolution, which resulted in the killing of a child and the injury of 29 others, including two children.
Last update : 18/02/2021 - 15:00
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